Improvement in gas-generators



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Improvement in Gas-Generators.

N0. 130,318, Patented' Aug. 6, '1872,-

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Improvement in Gas-Generators Patented Aug. 6,1872-K z: mamsJ I3ShQetsr-Sheet3'. s. c. SALISBURY.

lmprovement in Gas-Generators.

No. 130,318, Patented Aug. 6, 18

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IMPROVEMENT IN GAS-GENERATORS.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent N 0. 130,318, dated August6, 1872.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, SLLAS O. SALISBURY, of the city, county, and Stateof New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements inApparatus for Generating Gas; and I do hereby declare that the followingis a full, true,

buildings, which relates to the apparatus for generating gas; andconsists, first, of a furnace with an inner fire-chamber so constructedthat air shall be admitted in divided currents through the grate-barupwardly to the fuel, and, through the inner walls of the sides of thefire-chamber, upon and against the sides of the fuel therein, and havingan arched roof over said fire-chamber, with series of apertures in saidroof for the passage of the carbonic oxides and products of combustionof the fuel burning therein upwardly into a combustion-chamberconstructed above and with such fire-chamber, with like provision forthe admission of air in divided currents into it, and in the shape of aparallelogram on its horizontal plane, in-

A stead of a furnace circular in form, with a firechamber of like formwith like provision for the admission of air through the grate upward-.

ly to the fuel therein, and with provision for the admission ofair individed currents through the inner wall of such fire-chamber upon andagainst the fuel therein, with a dome-shaped roof with apertures thereinfor the escape of the flames and gases of the fuel burning thereinupwardly into a combustion-chamber constructed above and with saidfire-chamber, and with like provision for the admission of air individed currents into such combustion-chamber, as is set forth in theLetters Patent aforesaid, whereby it will be perceived that the furnacein this invention will be constructed upon the theory and will operateupon the principle of that before mentioned, and differs from it merelyin form; and, secondly, in the combination therewith of straighthorizontal vaporizers and retorts with their pipes and connections, forthe vaporization and conversion of water and hydrocarbon or other oilsinto a carbonized hydro-oxygen fixed gas for illumination, instead of aclosed vessel with a conical bottom, and having a cup at its apex forvaporizing the gas-stock, and ring-shaped retorts for the productionfrom such vapors of a perfect fixed gas, as is set forth in said LettersPatent, and they may be more particularly set forth as follows:

Figure N o. 1, Sheet 1, represents a sectional interior view of myfurnace, with seven closed tubes therein, the two upper ones of which, VV, are used as vaporizers for vaporizing the gas-stock therein, andthose below them, at m and G O O, as retorts for thoroughly mixing thevapors created in the Vaporizers and the conversion of them into a fixedgas, The recess below the fire-chamber is the .ash-pit. Fig. No. 2,Sheet 2, represents the connecting pipes om om between the Vaporizersand retorts m m, and the delivery-pipes D D D from the lower retortsconnect them with the hydraulic main H M; and in dotted lines thedistributing-pipe d, which receives the mixed vapors from the retorts mm at the front of the furnace; and the connecting-pipes d O connectingthe distributing-pipe d with the three.

lower retorts. Fig. No. 3, Sheet 3, represents a side view of myimproved apparatus, showing the projections of the Vaporizers V V andthe retorts m m and (J O O, and the several pipes connecting them andthe letter Irepresents the door of the fire-chamber. Two closedvaporizingtubes, V .V, and five retorts are placed in thecombustion-chamber, and are indicated by the letters mm and U G O andthe letters 01 d d represent iron rods, while the letters 0 e 6represent fire-brick tubular tiles, which cover so much of these rods asare in the combustion-chamber, and, as theypass not only through thewalls of the furnace but through buck-stays on either side of it, andare secured in position at either end, they not only protect the wallsof the furnace from too great expansion by the heat to be created in it,but they also support the several series of retorts when most expandedby heat, and are themselves protected from the heat by the fire-bricktiles which cover them; The vaporizing-tubes have receivingpipes X and pfor the reception of gas-stock, and the said vaporizers are connectedwith the retorts m m by the pipes 'um cm at their rear ends, and attheir front ends the retorts m m are connected with the retorts (l O Oby the pipes S S, d, and d (3. Two closed iron tubes, V V, used asvaporizers, as heretofore set forth, are placed near the top of thecombustion-chamber H, and they each have two small pipes, represented asentering therein in cross-section, and to one of these small pipes ineach vaporizer is to be attached a horizontal pipe of equal sizeextending into the vaporizer, and has at its end a cone-shaped orifice,through which some hydrocarbon or other oil is to pass into saidvaporizer; and to the end of the other pipe entering such vaporizers incrosssections is attached another shorter pipe, perforated with smallholes for the passage through it of hot water into said vaporizer, andthe pipe conveying the hot water will be shorter than the one conveyingthe oil and the vaporizers are united to two similar tubes or retortsplaced below them, and marked m m, by pipes am an at their rear ends;and these are connected with the three retorts O O G below them by thepipes S S, d, and d C, and the three retorts 0 (J O are connected withthe hydraulic main H M by the delivery-pipes D D D.

The fire-chamber of my furnace and the inner portion of the walls of thecombustionchamber thereof are constructed of fire-brick, suitably formedtherefor; and the operation of my apparatus may be stated as follows: Bythe admission of air in divided jets upwardly, for the length of thefire-chamber, against the fuel therein, and from each side thereofthrough the air-passages I) b, for the length of said chamber, upon andagainst the fuel therein, large quantities of air are not only suppliedto said chamber, but it is presented to and distributed through theburning mass; and as in the course of combustion the walls of suchfirechamber become highly heated by the fire therein, the air coming inthrough the passages b b is also thereby highly heated, whence, to thisextent, such chamber is supplied with a hot-air blast. By thus supplyingthe fire-chamber with jets of heated air on the top and at differentpoints of the burning fuel the decarbonization of the fuel commences, oris carried on from the top and from the outside, instead of from thebottom and center, as is usual, and an intense heat is produced, whilethe combustion is slower; and the combustion being carried on mostactively at the top and sides of the fuel, the grate-bars remaincomparatively cool, and are made thereby more durable. Such fire-chamberis wholly arched over with fire-brick, as is shown in Fig. No. 1, Sheet1, in section, and numerous openings or perforations, 0 0 0 o, therein,about a half inch in diameter, allow the 'carbonic oxides and productsof combustion generated therein to pass into the combustionchamber,which is also supplied with air from below through the circular openings0 0, coming up between the inner and outer walls of the firechamberalternately with the openings which supply air to the fire-chamber, andin coming through such openings the air becomes highly heated. The airsupplied to the combustion-chamber, becoming heated while passingthereto, is rendered lighter than the carbonic oxides continuallyentering the combustion-ehamber from the fire-chamber, and an intimateunion of the air and gases takes place, utilizing the whole, andproduces their complete and perfect combustiom The heating power of thechambers E and H may be much increased, and the combustion of the fuelrendered more complete, by admitting into said chambers through theirseveral tubes or passages heated or superheated steam. In thecombustion-chamber HI place two straight closed tubular vaporizers andfive straight retorts instead of the closed pan with a conical bottom, acup at its apex, and ring-shaped retorts. As ring-shaped retortsnecessarily have to be cast in sections, which in use are liable tobecome loosened and leak, therefore, as improvements upon them, Isubstitute the devices before, and they are described as follows: Thetwo in the upper line are vaporizers and are marked V V; the two belowthem are marked at m and the three in the lower line are marked 0 O O;and the vaporizers V V are connected to the retorts m m at their rearends by the pipes em cm, and the retorts m m are united to theretorts OO O at their front ends by the pipes S S the pipes 01, and the pipes d Gd O and their-connections c c; and the retorts G 0 Care connected to thehydraulic main H M by their delivery-pipes D D D, whereby the vaporizersand retorts are so arranged that the oil, gas, or vapor hereafterreferred to passes through the entire circuit of the vaporizers and theretorts m m and O O C before passing into the hydraulic main H M. Havinglighted the fire in the fire-chamber and continued the same until therequisite degree of heat shall have been produced in thecombustion-chamber, I let on oil through its appropriate pipes into thevaporizers V V, and as it strikes the inner side thereof it is convertedinto a vapor- .gas; andas soon as this operation is commenced I alsoturn the hot water into said vaporizers, and as it strikes the heatedsides of such vaporizers it is instantly converted into steam and isdecomposed with hydrogen and oxygen, which become united with the vaporof the oil therein. The several gases of the hot water and the. oil thusproduced are conducted by the pipes am am to the retorts m m, throughwhich and the succeeding retorts they are passed, as above mentioned,and in so passing through become fully mixed and united and areconverted into a perfect fixed gas. By this combination and mixture ofhydrocarbon vapor and the gases of decomposed water I make both a moreperfect and a cheaper gas. Enough water should be supplied to furnishsufficient hydrogen to take up or mix. with the carbon of the oil andpreefi'ective means of cleaning the several pipes and retorts, as, aftermaking a sufticient or any desired quantity of gas, the supply of oilmay be turned 011 and a larger supply of water admitted through thewater-pipes, and is at once converted into steam, which, as it passesthrough the Vaporizers, pipes, and retorts, decarbonizes all the carbonthat may have been left therein, and conveys the same to the hydraulicmain; the efl'ect of which is that the several pipes and retorts of myapparatus are cleaned and hard incrustations prevented, and thereby thetime of the usefulness of the retorts is much protracted.

What I claim as new, and for which I seek Letters Patent, is-

In combination with apparatus or retorts for the manufacture of gas, theheating-furnace, consisting of an inner fire-chamber and an outercombustion-chamber, combined and constructed, substantially asdescribed, with air tubes and spaces between the outer and inner Wallsof the fire-chamber, to supply air, or air and steam, to both suchchambers, the inner chamber being covered with or separated from thecombustion-chamber by a perforated arch or top, substantially as setforth.

SILAS O. SALISBURY.

Witnesses:

OHAs. M. PEcK, SAML. B. GORDON.

